Efficient Passive Broadband Gyrator

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The invention describes an efficient, passive, and broadband gyrator that is designed for alternating current (AC) signals. The core of the device uses a Hall-effect material and incorporates transformers to inductively couple AC signals in and out of the Hall-effect structure, enabling the conversion of input currents to output voltages with greatly reduced energy losses compared to conventional galvanic contacts. This allows for low-noise and low-heat operation, which is especially useful for highly sensitive quantum information experiments at low temperatures. The design can leverage advanced materials such as graphene or quantum Hall-effect materials, and features novel geometric configurations (like toroidal surfaces) to optimize performance.

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• Isolating sensitive quantum experiments from measurement electronics in quantum computing setups operating at millikelvin temperatures
• Integrating into microwave or radio-frequency circuits as efficient non-reciprocal elements such as isolators or circulators
• Replacing bulkier or less efficient ferrite-based or active electronic gyrators in analogue signal processing
• Developing low-noise, low-loss microwave components for scientific instrumentation
• Improving signal integrity in superconducting and cryogenic electronics applications where minimal heat and electrical noise are critical

BenefitsContent extracted from patent full text and abstract with AI.

• Significantly reduces dissipative energy losses during signal conversion compared to previous passive Hall-effect gyrators
• Allows operation over a wide frequency range, including relatively low frequencies (from ~50 Hz upwards)
• Enables practical implementation of isolators and non-reciprocal devices in environments highly sensitive to noise and thermal disturbances (such as quantum computing experiments)
• Eliminates the need for active components, resulting in no additional heat generation and lower electrical noise
• Flexible design compatible with advanced materials like graphene, quantum Hall-effect structures, and can be fabricated in various three-dimensional configurations for enhanced performance
• Improves efficiency and practicality for experiments and devices that previously suffered from signal weakening, increased thermal load, or unwanted noise due to previous gyrator designs

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Patent Abstract

The invention relates to a gyrator for alternating current signals. The gyrator comprises a Hall-effect material, means for coupling an alternating current (I1; I4) into the Hall-effect material, means for passing a magnetic field, which is perpendicular to the plane or surface of the Hall-effect material, through the Hall-effect material, and means for converting a current (I3; I2), which has been generated in the Hall-effect material by the current I1 perpendicularly to the electric field generated by I1, into an output voltage (U4; U1). According to the invention, a transformer is provided between at least one conductor loop (1a; 2a) made of a normal-conductive or semi-conductive material and at least one conductor loop (1; 2) made of the Hall-effect material in order to couple the current (I1; I4) into the Hall-effect material and/or in order to convert the current (I3; I2) in the Hall-effect material into the output voltage (U4; U1). It has been recognized that the dissipative losses which occur when converting the input current (I1; I4) into the output voltage (U4; U1) are minimized by omitting an inefficient galvanic coupling of the Hall-effect material to metal or semi-conductive conductors. The gyrator can thus be used even for highly sensitive experiments in quantum information processing at low temperatures.