NMR Measurements on Electrical Components such as in Particular Batteries and Capacitors

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This invention describes a method for using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements directly on electrical components such as batteries and capacitors. By integrating the component itself (e.g., a battery or capacitor) electrically into the resonance circuit of an NMR probe, it allows the detection and analysis of the component's internal state—such as charge level or degradation—by recording NMR signals that are dependent on the material and condition inside the device, even if it is housed in a metal case.

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• Non-destructive testing and quality control of commercial batteries and capacitors during manufacturing or after assembly.
• Assessment and monitoring of battery charge state and health in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, or industrial storage systems.
• Prognostics and diagnostics of aging, corrosion, or failure in batteries and capacitors used in critical applications (e.g., medical implants, aerospace, grid storage).
• Comparative analysis of batteries or capacitors from different manufacturers or production batches for R&D and benchmarking.
• Characterization of new battery chemistries or electrolytes without having to dismantle the device.

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• Enables non-destructive and in-situ analysis of the internal state of batteries and capacitors, including those with metal housings.
• Provides accurate, reproducible, and component-specific NMR spectra for assessing state of charge, chemical composition, aging, or degradation.
• Allows for direct integration of the electrical component into the NMR circuit, improving sensitivity and bypassing problems caused by metal enclosures in traditional NMR methods.
• Facilitates rapid quality assurance and failure analysis without disassembling or damaging the tested component.
• Supports a wide range of battery and capacitor types, geometries, and chemistries, and is adaptable to different core nuclei for specialized investigations (e.g., lithium, sodium, hydrogen, cobalt etc.).

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Patent Abstract

The invention relates to a method which allows for nuclear magnetic resonance measurements to be carried out on electrical components such as batteries or capacitors. In the process, the component is directly integrated in a resonant circuit (7) of a nuclear magnetic resonance probe head (5) in that the poles (13, 14) are electrically connected to the other elements of the resonant circuit (7), and the probe head (5) is then introduced in a temporally and spatially constant magnetic field (3). Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance measurements are carried out, in which a spin resonance signal (25) is generated by at least one high-frequency pulse (24) and is recorded. The spectrum (26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 37, 38) formed from this spin resonance signal (25) is dependent on the state of the component (11), in particular on the state of charge of a battery or on the general state of the battery or the capacitor.