Solid-bed reactor, system, and method for carbon dioxide separation

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This invention describes a solid-state reactor system and method for efficiently separating, storing, and releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) from gas streams (such as flue gases). The system uses two types of solid materials: one to store heat energy and the other (such as calcium oxide-containing stones) to absorb and later release CO2. By manipulating pressure and temperature in a controlled cycle, the device captures CO2 at high pressure and temperature, storing heat during absorption and using that stored heat for the subsequent CO2 release step at reduced pressure. This innovation offers an energy-efficient solution for CO2 capture and storage with minimal external energy input.

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• Carbon capture and storage (CCS) at power plants burning fossil fuels (e.g., coal, natural gas).
• CO2 separation in cement, lime, and steel manufacturing industries, which produce large CO2 emissions.
• Retrofitting existing industrial exhaust systems to capture CO2 for sequestration or reuse.
• Generating pure CO2 streams for use in industrial processes (e.g., carbonation in beverages, enhanced oil recovery, or greenhouses).
• Temporary and efficient CO2 storage in transportation systems moving CO2 to underground storage or utilization sites.

BenefitsContent extracted from patent full text and abstract with AI.

• Significantly lower energy consumption for CO2 separation compared to existing methods, thanks to internal heat recovery.
• No need for costly oxy-fuel combustion retrofits; can be applied to existing plants.
• Improved operational lifetime and cycle durability of absorbing materials (hundreds of cycles without significant loss of capacity).
• Reduced energy losses and high efficiency due to on-site thermal integration and recuperation.
• Scalable to various plant sizes and compatible with parallel reactor operation for continuous processing.
• Supports global CO2 emission reduction goals by enabling practical, cost-effective CCS.

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Patent Abstract

The invention relates to a system (100) for storing and releasing carbon dioxide, comprising: at least one solids reactor (1); at least one compressor (7, 8) for compressing the carbon-dioxide-containing gas or fluid which is introduced through the inlet (3) of the solids reactor, the compressor (7, 8) being designed such that it adiabatically expands the gas or fluid which has been depleted of carbon dioxide and is discharged from the reactor by means of the outlet (2) of the solids reactor; and at least one counterflow recuperator (6), which is designed for heat exchange between the compressed waste gas or fluid which contains carbon dioxide and the gas or fluid which has been depleted of carbon dioxide. The invention also relates to a solids reactor for storing and releasing carbon dioxide, comprising: a gas-tight or fluid-tight housing which has an interior; at least one inlet for feeding in fluids; and at least one outlet for feeding out gases or fluids, wherein the interior of the housing is filled with at least two different solids, wherein one solid is provided for storing thermal energy, and the other solid is provided for the regenerative storage and release of carbon dioxide. The invention also relates to a method for storing and releasing carbon dioxide.