Method and System for Controlling the Operating Behavior of a Gas Turbine Combustion System in an Open- or Closed-Loop Manner

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This invention describes a method and system for controlling the operation of a gas turbine combustion system, specifically by regulating the injection of water vapor and fuel in precise ratios (water vapor to air mass ratio up to 50%). The system uses sensors to monitor key operational data, allowing a control unit to dynamically adjust the injection rates. The approach enables efficient combustion even with high humidity and varied fuel types (including natural gas, hydrogen-rich fuels, and pure hydrogen), resulting in lower pollutant emissions, especially nitrogen oxides (NOx).

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• Power generation in gas turbine plants seeking to reduce emissions.
• Industrial plants using gas turbines with variable fuel compositions, such as biogas, syngas, hydrogen, or mixtures thereof.
• Upgrades for combined cycle power plants to optimize combustion performance and CO2 capture.
• Deployment in regions with strict environmental regulations to reduce NOx and other pollutants.
• Biomass or coal gasification plants aiming for clean energy production.

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• Significantly reduces pollutant emissions, particularly NOx, improving environmental compliance.
• Enables stable combustion even at high water vapor content, minimizing the risk of flame instability or blowout.
• Allows flexibly switching or mixing different fuel types, including difficult-to-burn hydrogen-rich gases.
• Increases operational efficiency and can enhance overall power plant performance.
• Supports simple CO2 capture by raising exhaust CO2 concentration, potentially lowering energy costs for carbon capture.
• Adapts dynamically to changing fuel compositions and operational requirements via precise, sensor-driven control.

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Patent Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling the operating behavior of a gas turbine combustion system (1) in an open- or closed-loop manner, the gas turbine combustion system comprising at least one combustion chamber (3) and at least one burner (2) installed in the at least one combustion chamber, wherein water vapor and fuel are introduced into the gas turbine combustion system (1) by means of a control unit (24) in a controlled manner. In order to ensure optimal combustion of the fuel at high water vapor content with low emissions, according to the invention, the fuel is combusted at a mass ratio of water vapor and air of at most 50%.